Bibliografía (Revista de revistas) - WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, Volume 19, Issue 1, March 2020

Trabajos publicados en WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, Volume 19, Issue 1, March 2020

Editorial
Dong-Wook Song, Looking back for the future, Pages 1-3

Invited Paper
Satya Sahoo, Alessandro Schönborn, A bibliometric overview of WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs since its inception in 2002, Pages 5-25

This article provides a reflection on the original aims of WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JOMA) and its achievements over its 17 years of existence. JOMA has been a central medium for research and international dialogues for issues relating to the global maritime field. It has pursued a philosophy of aiming to provide a wide range of professionals in the maritime fields and to offer a fair representation of various research areas and to promote interdisciplinarity in research. JOMA has evolved in a rapidly changing world of maritime affairs, which witnesses major global challenges on the horizon, as represented by the need for the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Bibliometric analyses were used in this article to examine the research output from JOMA in terms of citations, geographic distribution of authorships, and research areas. The ‘moving average of annual citation ratio’ is adopted as a tool to analyse its output and impact on various research areas published in JOMA since its beginning.

Review Article
Francisco Piniella, Juan Ignacio Alcaide..., Identifying stakeholder perceptions and realities of Paris MoU inspections, Pages 27-49

In the globalized maritime transport sector, with its preponderance of open registries, the controls implemented by the Port State Control should be rigorous but equitable. In this article, we present both stakeholder perceptions of these inspections (based on a questionnaire to which 343 people responded) and a descriptive analysis of real data, using information obtained from European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA), the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU) and other regional and national databases. The homogeneity of results was evaluated by country, port and inspector profile based on certain indicators that we developed over the course of our work. The results show significant differences in the number of ships detained and deficiencies found at each port, including within the same maritime administration of the Paris MoU.

Article
G. Tsaganos, N. Nikitakos, D. Dalaklis, A.I. Ölcer..., Machine learning algorithms in shipping: improving engine fault detection and diagnosis via ensemble methods, Pages 51-72

Detection and diagnosis of marine engines faults are extremely important functions for the optimized voyage of any sea-going vessel, as well as the safe conduct of navigation. Early detection of these faults is a prerequisite for reliability: incidents of engine breakdowns can be avoided, since the timely resolving of these faults can ensure the non-interrupted tempo of the sail. Avoiding malfunctions could also improve the ship’s overall environmental “footprint” and even ensure reduced fuel consumption. Initial results of the analysis at hand were presented during the 3rd International Symposium on Naval Architecture and Maritime (INT-NAM 2018), in Istanbul-Turkey. Further exploring the use of machine learning algorithms in shipping and by elaborating more on that effort, an evaluation of intelligent diagnostic methods applicable for a two-stroke slow-speed marine diesel engine is taking place, with the aim to facilitate effective detection and classification of occurring faults. This research was carried out via the cost-free Weka data mining tool, which was used to analyze the data of the engine’s operating parameters that were found outside of the prescribed boundaries. The proposed method is based on the construction of an ensemble classification model “AdaBoost”, which further improves the performance of a basic Simple Cart classifier. During the related experimental activities, the overall recorded performance was 96.5%, clearly establishing this method as a very appropriate choice.

Article
Jagan Jeevan, Karpagavalli Ramamoorthy..., Implication of e-navigation on maritime transportation efficiency, Pages 73-94

A maritime disaster is an event which usually involves vessel collisions, grounding, fires, explosions, oil spills, marine pollution and piracy which affecting the reputation of shipowners and their competitiveness level. All these issues have been distinguished as major consequence of human error hence, the e-navigation has been developed to integrate human involvement with navigational advancement to increase the reliability of maritime operation and consequently improving the competitiveness of seaports from the perspective of foreland and overland. However, the implication of e-navigation on maritime transportation has remained ignored. As a result, extensive explorations are required to understand the integration of e-navigation in maritime transportation to ensure a comprehensive coverage of e-navigation from foreland, seaports and inland towards sustainable development as well as to overcome maritime vulnerability. In this study, Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been employed to validate the implication of e-navigation on maritime transportation by evaluating the efficiency score in this sector. The outcome indicates that safety procedure, transportation system, human resources, environment protection and security procedure are key components affecting e-navigation from the perspective of maritime transportation.

Article
Saeed Khorram, Mohammad Ali Khalegh, A novel hybrid MCDM approach to evaluate ports’ dredging project criteria based on intuitionistic fuzzy DEMATEL and GOWPA, Pages 95-124

Risk analysis methods, the integration of which leads to more realistic and reliable solutions, are gaining increasing acceptance as decision support tools for the analyses and reduction of risks in engineering applications. This paper aims at presenting an integrated method that can identify and evaluate serious failures in achieving the desired project objectives due to the presence of risks/uncertainties in different execution stages. Since a dredging project’s effective efficiency evaluation is a vital element in the success of ports’ loading/unloading operations, the authors aim at developing a risk evaluation method to check why Shahid Rajaee Port dredging projects incur unintended damage. The FSA (formal safety assessment)-based approach integrates FST (fuzzy set theory), GOWPA (generalized ordered weighted proportional averaging), and DEMATEL (decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory) techniques and results of this case study show that the fuzzy DEMATEL method can be used to evaluate how direct/indirect relations and elements affect one another and promote the quality of the group relations/interrelations. Conclusions and suggestions regarding the need to lessen risks and improve safety measures have been provided in the final section.

Article
Eva Lindborg, Peter Andersson, The costs of icebreaking services: an estimation based on Swedish data, Pages 125-142

In winter, the sea around Sweden and Finland as well as parts of the waters around Canada, Russia and the USA become ice covered, and ships may require assistance from icebreakers to proceed to their destinations. This paper accordingly analyses the cost structure and estimates the cost of icebreaking operations at sea, including the costs of external effects of the icebreakers’ emissions, and analyses the consequences of different pricing schemes for financing icebreaking services. A regression analysis was carried out based on data from icebreaking services in Sweden over 14 winters from 2001/2002 to 2015/2016. The social marginal cost of an average assistance operation (which may involve more than one ship) is estimated at EUR 6476 and for each assisted ship EUR 5304. The same cost is EUR 907 per running hour for the icebreakers and EUR 1990 per hour a ship is assisted. Each additional nautical mile sailed by an icebreaker costs society EUR 141 and each assisted nautical mile EUR 234. The marginal cost is found not to be related to winter severity. Despite the significant social marginal costs, not including large fixed costs, icebreaking in Sweden and Finland is free of charge. The advantages and disadvantages of four pricing models that can be applied to cover at least parts of the costs to society are discussed. All models could create new distortions, but a price per assisted hour may be worth applying in practice.

IAMU Section Article
Clàudia Barahona-Fuentes, Marcella Castells-Sanabra..., Female figures in maritime education and training institutions between 2009 and 2018: analysing possible impacts of gender policies, Pages 143-158

This paper intends to provide a figure analysis of female students in maritime education and training (MET) institutions over a decade (2009–2018) with the aim to analyse the possible impact of the gender equality policies applied. In recent years, while there has been an increase of female students in many technical degrees, in maritime education, the gender imbalance seems to persist. This study of female student enrolment and graduation figures of some MET institutions provides a picture of current trends in the maritime education sector. The results are not very encouraging as they reveal an unchanging tendency concerning gender equality in this field of studies. In addition, the analysis of gender policies unveils that there is still a lot of work to be done. Such policies are scarce or inexistent and do not have a significant effect towards reducing this gender gap. In order to identify possible parallelisms in the professional sector, we also analysed the percentages of women in deck and engine positions issued by the Spanish Maritime Administration during the period studied. The case of Spain shows that this gender inequality is even more profound in the maritime professional sector. The study concludes that in spite of an increasing awareness, the gender gap continues both in the educational and professional sector. Hence, the joint involvement of national maritime administrations and international maritime organizations and agencies is needed to develop more effective gender equality policies and programmes for a more egalitarian and inclusive maritime training and professional sector.